principality of hutt river is a country

When Casley declared himself "Prince", the administration board clause lost effect and the Hutt River Principality became an absolute monarchy, with a legislation committee to draft new legislation. Casley did this because he believed it would enable him to take advantage of the British Treason Act of 1495, which provides that the de facto king of a nation cannot be guilty of treason in relation to any act against the lawful king and that anyone who interfered with that monarch's duties could be charged with treason. The principality was a regional tourist attraction until it announced it was closed to tourists after 31 January 2020. Following the death of his wife in 2013, Casley authorised a special commemorative coin to celebrate her life.[26]. There are a number of buildings including a Chapel, Post Office, Government Offices and Tea Rooms with a pool. There was currency, too. [21] It may be more than coincidence that this declaration of war came in just a few months after a court decision where Casley was fined for failing to furnish the ATO with certain documents. [9][10] Prince Leonard died on 13 February 2019. There was also a silver $30 coin and a gold $100 coin, struck only in proof. The Principality of Hutt River, previously known as the Hutt River Province, is the oldest micronation in Australia. Travelers could visit the principality's Post Office to send a letter or buy Hutt River stamps, then peruse the Memorabilia Department and Historical Society, before enjoying a light meal in its tea rooms. But, like tourism destinations around the world, the principality had been left vulnerable due to the economic impact of the pandemic. When Prince Leonard died in February last year he left behind a US$2.15 million tax bill, which forced his son and successor, Prince Graeme Casley, to announce last week the principality would sell its land to pay the debt. Tourism is also important to the Principality's economy. Principality is a legal entity. as tax havens were authorised to act as a registered agent for PHR incorporations. [18][21] The principality tried repeatedly to use a document purporting to be a letter from the Commonwealth Department of Territories admitting that the principality was a "legal entity". The Principality covered an area of 18,500 acres (75 km 2) and claimed to be an independent sovereign state that seceded from Australia in 1970 as a result of a dispute over wheat production quotas. The principality claims to be an independent sovereign state. It is located on a large farming … Other attractions included a non-denominational chapel and Princess Shirley's Sacred Educational Shrine. Casley says the failure to respond gave the province "de facto autonomy" on 21 April 1972, but that the Western Australian government can still dispute the secession. In 1995 Gale died and it was found that in addition to promoting Principality coins and stamps, he had registered "Hutt River Province" as the name of a Queensland company of which he was sole owner and from which no profits were forwarded to the Principality. [7][18][19] From this time on Casley asserted that the Principality had successfully seceded from Australia. Honorary guardsmen attended Casley on formal occasions and, despite being completely landlocked, naval commissions were conferred on supporters of the principality. [60] Concerned that Hutt River registrations "may be sold as part of a tax avoidance or evasion arrangement", in April 2012 the Australian Taxation Office warned potential purchasers that the registrations have no legal basis and "could be illegal". Principality of Hutt River, Western Australia: See 35 reviews, articles, and 40 photos of Principality of Hutt River, ranked No.780 on Tripadvisor among 2,243 attractions in … All of these Principality coins are contained in the standard catalogue of Unusual World Coins by Colin Bruce II, edited by Tom Michael and George Cuhaj. The clumsy language, including a Malapropian use of 'a mute point' gives it away for what it is, a poorly attempted forgery."[37]. A family of Australian residents could no longer afford to pay taxes, and after litigation over a mortgage and being Inspired by the Principality of Hutt River, they did legal research and came to the conclusion that forming a country would be completely legal under Australian law, and they thus declared independence on 2 September 2003.. The Principality would no longer accept visitors, would cease to issue entry and exit visas, and would stand down most government services and offices for the duration of the hiatus. [58] The Principality had no standing army, but a number of its citizens were awarded military commissions. Up to 200 different commemorative coins in three denominations each ($5, $10 and $20) are believed to have been minted to commemorate Desert Storm, World War II, The Fathers of Baseball, etc. The Principality of Hutt River is an Independent Sovereign State having seceded from Australia on the Twenty First Day of April 1970 The "Lest We Forget" coin was reissued in 2009. It seceded in the 1970's after a dispute over wheat quotas. 4. [34][35] Passports issued by the principality were not recognised by the Australian government. "[42][43] An appeal to the Court of Appeal was dismissed. [20][38][39][40][41] In 2017, however, Justice Le Miere of the Supreme Court of Western Australia ordered Leonard to pay more than A$2.7 million in unpaid taxes, and Arthur Casley to pay more than A$242,000 in unpaid taxes. The Principality of Hutt River is situated 595 km north of Perth, Western Australia and is about 75 square km in area, consisting of some 18,500 acres of land. In 2010, the Principality issued a $30 gold- and silver-plated brass coin to mark the 40th anniversary of independence. This giant bust of Prince Leonard was carved from rock by a Canadian artist. Leonard argued that he resided in the "Hutt River Province" and that it is not part of Australia and not subject to Australian taxation law. [47] The principality said that it levied its own income tax of 0.5 per cent on financial transactions by foreign companies registered in the province and personal accounts. ", by Karen Valenti, 17 February 2003. [52], Hong Kong does not recognise the principality, but its corporate registry did at one point recognise the Principality as a place where a company could be incorporated. Prince Leonard Casley, pictured in 1998 with his French-born wife, Princess Shirley. The judge said that their argument of sovereignty "has no legal merit or substance. [7] The micronation was founded on 21 April 1970 when Leonard Casley declared his farm to be an independent country, the Hutt River Province. Hutt River has no standing army, but a number of its citizens have been awarded military commissio… "It's very sad watching your father build up something for 50 years and then you have to close it down," said Casley. Once this process was completed they were escorted through the principality's main buildings by a staff member who explained the local history. While Prince Leonard originally decided to secede from Australia over his disagreement with farming regulations, he turned the principality into a unique tourist attraction, with visitors arriving to buy passports, currency and stamps. [28], In January 2017, The Prince announced that, after ruling for 45 years, he would be stepping down as prince, to be succeeded by his youngest son, Graeme. The prince of WA's only micro-nation, the Hutt River Principality, announced it will close its doors until further notice due to financial hardship. [36] He was an adherent of hermeticism, a subject on which he privately published a number of research papers and books. The principality claims to be an independent sovereign stateand to have achieved legal status on 21 April 1970, although it remains … In 2007, the High Court of Australia dismissed an application by Casley for leave to appeal against a judgment against him relating to his son Leonard's failure to file tax returns. The court dismissed Casley's application and found that his arguments were "fatuous, frivolous, and vexatious. The Principality of Hutt River, often referred to by its former name, the Hutt River Province, was a micronation in Australia. "Now Leonard wants a uni. Join us on a 12-month journey to see them all, Masters of micronations: Meet people who started their own tiny countries, Australia hotel bans rowdy emus for bad behavior, New Zealand's star tourism attraction struggles as visitors stay away post-Covid. [citation needed], Two weeks later, Casley claimed the government introduced a bill into Parliament to "resume" his and the other families' lands under compulsory acquisition laws. [26], In 1977, $1 coins were struck to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II. Australia has spawned far more micronations than most countries. "Unusual World Coins", by Colin R. Bruce, Krause Publications, 2005, This page was last edited on 18 December 2020, at 15:02. [20][26], In about 2006, the Prince was again successfully prosecuted by the ATO. The Principality's owned land will be sold off to settle the tax dispute. The announcement included the following statement: "It is with a heavy heart and after much thought and consultation with my Cabinet and ADC that I have to inform all that the Government of the Principality of Hutt River is about to go on hiatus. [65][66] She was styled as "Her Royal Highness Princess Shirley of Hutt, Dame of the Rose of Sharon", and she played host to dignitaries and diplomatic representatives visiting the Principality each year,[47] as well as receiving television crews and magazine journalists. "What he created here over the last 50 years is amazing, it's really a unique story that people around the world have read about, and it won't just be forgotten about now. [citation needed], Prince Leonard said that he continued to sell his wheat in open defiance of the quota. [7] No government or legal scholar has ever accepted this legal theory of Prince Leonard's. The territory is located 517 km (354 mi) north of Perth, near the town of Northampton in the state of Western Australia. The principality was located 517 km (354 mi) north of Perth, near the town of Northampton in the state of Western Australia. Exports included wildflowers, stamps and coins and agricultural produce which is also exported overseas. The chapel contains numerous paintings of early Galilee and surrounds. ", "End of an empire: Hutt River to rejoin Australia after 50 years", "The Principality of Hutt River: A Territory Marooned in the Western Australian Outback", "Wheatbelt Royals: the future of the Principality of Hutt River", "Prince Leonard is handing over control of Australia's oldest micronation", "Hutt River Principality: Monarch of Australia's oldest micro-nation considers passing baton to heir", "Australia's oldest micro-nation founders ordered to pay $3m tax bill", "Hutt River Province to rejoin Commonwealth after 50-year stand-off", "Australian Government Does Not Recognise The Hutt River Province", Micronation Master: Prince Leonard of Hutt River, "Micronation Master: Prince Leonard of Hutt River", "Diplomatic documents regarding the Hutt River Province released under FOI laws", Rewards for Rebellion: Tiny Nation and Crown for Life, "Separation – National Museum of Australia", "The people who create their own 'countries, "Information concerning known fantasy and camouflage passports", "Some like it hutt but others beg to differ", "Hutt River 'ambassador' accused of conning people", "This 46-year-old Australian micronation has finally been recognised by Buckingham Palace", "Offshore Financial And Legal Consultant", Development of Asset Protection Structures, "Aggressive Tax Planning: 'Hutt River Province' and international business companies", "Principality of Hutt River Constitution, Rev 01", "Hutt River's 'princess' Shirley Casley dies aged 85", "Hutt River principality princess dies peacefully", This 46-year-old Australian micronation has finally been recognised by Buckingham Palace, "Eternity" exhibition, National Museum of Australia, "Prince Leonard", ABC TV transcript, 2003, Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Hutt_River&oldid=994975536, States and territories established in 1970, States and territories disestablished in 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, In 2005, the Shire of Northampton listed the principality as having "high historic and social significance as the site of Australia's only independent principality.". And this cannot be deny. It was dissolved on 3 August 2020. It was about 75.9 square kilometres (29.3 sq mi; 18,800 acres) in size. The Principality of Hutt River is located in Western Australia but is not part of Australia. Casley said that he nonetheless remained loyal to Queen Elizabeth II. With a population of 23, the tiny province is roughly the same size as Hong Kong. [20] Casley believed that under Australian law the federal government had two years to respond to Casley's declaration of sovereignty. He replied, "only that Prince Leonard is an enigma. It was not recognised as a country by the Australian Government nor any other national government, and the High Court of Australia and Supreme Court of Western Australia rejected submissions arguing that it was not subject to Australian laws.[4]. Citizens of Principality do not pay taxes to Australia and they are non-resident in Australia (claimed by Australia). "[27], The Australian government unequivocally stated on its website that it did not recognise the secession of the principality. In 1989, production was transferred to the Continental Coin Company (in California). This is a separatist movement that creates its own country and separates from, say, Australia. The Queen was replying to a letter from Prince Leonard congratulating her on her 90th birthday. [16], In 2008, the Council of the European Union issued a memorandum identifying Hutt River passports among known "fantasy passports ... issued by private organisations and individuals" to which a visa should not be affixed. [citation needed] The principality released a number of stamps and coins. The Principality of Hutt River was dramatically created on April 21, 1970, and covers just 75sqkm of remote Western Australia with a population of 23. The principality -- though not officially recognized by the Australian government -- acted like an independent nation. [20][36][51], While the Principality had only 23 residents, it claimed a worldwide citizenry of 14,000. He worked for a shipping company based in Perth, although he left school at 14, and described himself as a mathematician and physicist; he also claimed to have written articles for NASA. She was the patroness and chair of the board of directors of the Red Cross of Hutt, a parallel organisation to the International Red Cross.[67]. Principality coins were issued from 1976 to 2000, then from 2007 to 2018. [46] The Australian Government also told foreign governments, "We have seen the purported 'Department of Territories Minute' before. However, the Act can be used to isolate them by requirement of visa’s. [44], Despite this, the Principality continued to argue that it was an independent entity within the Australian legal system. "[This quote needs a citation] Again, there is no support for this theory. The Principality of Hutt River (PHR) is an Independent Sovereign State having seceded from Australia on the Twenty First Day of April 1970 and is comparable in size to Hong Kong, though the Principality is larger in physical size than many countries such as Vatican, San Marino, Monaco, and Nauru to name but a few. Although the total number of coins minted is unknown, it is known that 10,000 $20 coins were minted in 1991 to mark the 50th anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Fifty years since declaring its sovereignty from the rest of the country, one of Australia's most well-known micronations is to be dissolved. "His Royal Highness Prince Leonard I of Hutt" was the style used by Casley from the creation of the Principality until his death. The ATO continued to pursue the Principality over unpaid bills, which belatedly prompted its surrender last week. [27], In September 2006, Prince Leonard decided to change the province's name to "Principality of Hutt River". "They're very harsh times economically and health wise around the world due to Covid and we're feeling that too.". Most coins of later series have specific commemorative topics and are usually made of precious metal. His appeal was dismissed, except to alter the penalty. [18], At about this time, Leonard Casley styled himself "His Majesty Prince Leonard I of Hutt". "[51], From 1984 to 2010, Australian diplomatic missions in 28 countries exchanged 120 diplomatic cables with Australia concerning activities relating to the Principality. [62] Although he and the cabinet never officially adopted the proposal, there was a decree stating that any constitution would be in effect while under consideration, except for any clauses that conflict with the bill of rights, so the proposal essentially became a provisional constitution.[59]. When the Principality seceded, a bill of rights, a brief document outlining the rights of "Hutt River" citizens, was drafted. [14][33], The Principality had no legal status as a matter of Australian law. Prince Leonard authorised all these coins and received samples as well as royalties. "[32], On 3 August 2020 the Principality was formally dissolved, amidst disputes with the Australian Taxation Office demanding the Principality pay millions in unpaid taxes across its 50-year history. Although actual residents are very few, the principality claims a world-wide citizenry of 13,000 individuals. [21], On 15 February 1977, despite Prince Leonard's claims to sovereignty, he was successfully prosecuted for failing to comply with requirements to furnish the Australian Taxation Office (ATO) with required documents. In … [35] Leonard made unverified claims that they have been accepted on some occasions by some unspecified foreign countries,[36] but there was a documented instance of a man being arrested in Germany for attempting to use a Hutt River Province "diplomatic passport". Olivier Chouchana/Gamma-Rapho/Getty Images. [26] All authorised Principality coins were minted by Canada's Lombardo Mint and the New Queensland Mint. The Principality of Hutt River, often referred to by its former name, the Hutt River Province, is an unrecognized micronation in Australia.The principality claims to be an independent sovereign state founded on 21 April 1970. [14], Leonard Casley (28 August 1925 – 13 February 2019)[15] declared the principality an independent province in 1970 in response to a dispute with the government of Western Australia over what the Casley family considered draconian wheat production quotas. The territory was located 517 km (354 mi) north of Perth, near the town of Northampton in the state of Western Australia. A$100 denomination proof commemorative coin issue that contained 1 troy ounce of pure palladium sold for $299 in 1989; the 2012 value of the palladium content was $630.[68][69]. [8][29][30], In June 2017, Prince Leonard was ordered by the Supreme Court of Western Australia to pay $2.7 million unpaid tax, and Arthur Casley was ordered to pay $242,000 unpaid tax. At least one company experienced in the registration of entities in traditional offshore jurisdictions (British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands etc.) Hutt River, a self-declared principality, issued its own passports and once even declared war on Australia. The principality claimed to be an independent sovereign state, founded on 21 April 1970. In recent years, however, it's been known as a quirky tourist attraction. The minting of coins recommenced in 2007 with 1000 $30 coins in .999 fine gold-plated brass to celebrate the 60th wedding anniversary of Leonard and Shirley Casley, a $5 nickel-plated zinc alloy "Lest We Forget" coin, and a set depicting the armorial bearings of Casley and his four sons, a $10 coin for Casley and $5 coins for his sons all minted in nickel-plated, zinc alloy. On Sept. 12, 2006, the word “Province” was formally dropped from the state’s title and it became the Principality of Hutt River (PHR). From 1984 to 1989, Johnson Matthey Refining, Rochester, New York, a manufacturer of precious metal products, manufactured limited numbers of commemorative coins for Mel Wacks, who had been appointed exclusive American distributor by Leonard Casley. 2.Prince Leonard of Hutt River Province is a person exempted in the Australian Law from Taxation under the current guidelines. Voting is compulsory by law in Australia, but Casley claimed to have successfully removed the names of Hutt River residents from the Australian electoral roll. Over recent decades, dozens of its citizens have declared independence from Australia, and set up their own nation within a nation. A principality (sometimes also called princedom) is a country which is ruled by a prince or princess.Principalities were common in the Middle Ages.Some principalities that still remain today are Andorra, Monaco and Liechtenstein.Examples of subnational principalities are Asturias (Spain).. The letter from Buckingham Palace was signed by Sonia Bonici, Senior Correspondence Officer. The short state of war between the principality and Australia was a scheme whereby the Prince's purpose was to argue that, under the Geneva Treaty Convention of 12 August 1949, a government should show full respect to a nation undefeated from a state of war. Hutt River had two sovereign princes over its 50 year existence, Leonard Casley, Prince Leonard, and Graeme Casley, Prince Graeme, its last. [57], The Principality was situated 517 km (321 mi) north of Perth, along the Hutt River. [16], Casley lodged a court claim in tort against the Governor for A$52 million in the hope the claim would force a revision of the quota. [22], On 2 December 1977 the principality declared war on Australia. [16] The Casley farm had around 4,000 hectares (9,900 acres) of wheat ready to harvest when the quotas were issued, which allowed Casley to sell only 1,647 bushels or approximately 40 hectares (99 acres). Micronations are entities that claim to be sovereign states but aren't legally considered independent, as opposed to microstates like Vatican City, which have internationally recognized sovereignty. But the economic impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, coupled with a giant tax bill, have forced the principality to announce it will finally surrender to Australia. He sought special leave to appeal to the High Court of Australia, but his application was dismissed with the comment that his arguments were "fatuous, frivolous and vexatious". The principality claimed to be an independent sovereign state, founded on 21 April 1970. The Principality of Hutt River, previously known as the Hutt River Province, is the oldest micronationin Australia. The Principality introduced a set of low denomination banknotes in 1974. Well, the story behind Hutt River is very interesting indeed. Hutt River Province Principality is situated 595 kilometers (370 mi) north of Perth and covers an area of about 75 square kilometers (30 mi^2). And then there was the Royal Art Collection, made up of 300 pieces scattered through these buildings, as well a giant bust of Prince Leonard, carved from rock by a Canadian artist. The Principality of Hutt River (PHR) is not accepting further immigration to the nation at this time due to the fact that an expansion of the basic infrastructure has to be completed before the country can look toward accommodating a larger population and taking the next steps in it's growth and advancement. [24][25], In the early 1980s, the principality declared itself to be a kingdom, but soon reverted to its original status of a principality. Named after Prince Leonard's wife, it displayed findings relating to religion and physics and was established with the help of academics of the principality's "Royal College of Advanced Research". [20] He also repeatedly claimed that he was classed by the ATO as a "non-resident of Australia for income tax purposes" and did not pay tax. It is unrecognized except by other micronations, but got de facto legal status on 21 April 1972. History. This force included an army, a navy and a military college, which developed artillery manuals and training programs so impressive they were adopted by affiliates of the US Army, claims. Some states claim to be principalities but are not recognised by other countries: … So how did an Independent Sovereign State come to exist in rural Western Australia? ", There's a perfect beach for every week of the year. Some commentary at the time had expected his older son, Ian, to be the successor. None, however, are as renowned as the Principality of Hutt River -- also known as Hutt River Province -- which has created headlines across the world for the past 50 years. The Principality of Hutt River is what is known as a micro nation. How he intended to wage battles was not clear, given the Royal Hutt River Defence Force was not established until 11 years later. [11][12], In December 2019 the principality announced that it would close its borders and cease its external government services as of 31 January 2020, until further notice. [61] Hutt River also allowed car registrations, including issuing licence plates to overseas vehicles. With a number of potential sons and daughters, the successor was nominated by Casley and approved by a crown committee. Casley told CNN Travel he was devastated to dissolve the micronation. [59] On 29 March 2005 the Hutt River Province International Business Company announced it would accept registrations of company trusts which have since been promoted worldwide by registered financial agents. [citation needed], At about this time, Prince Leonard claimed that in correspondence with the Governor-General's office, Casley was on one occasion inadvertently addressed as the "Administrator of the Hutt River Province". "I have so many wonderful memories of living here (in the principality)," he said. Queen Elizabeth II ( formerly the Hutt River, a subject on which privately! Ian, to be an independent entity within the Australian government unequivocally stated on website! Government -- acted like an independent nation … Principality of Hutt River is very interesting indeed except by other,... Same design were struck again in 1978, without the inscription `` Queen 's Jubilee ''. [ ]. 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