The NGO Oxfam says this system amounts to modern slavery. See https://wikirate.org/Kering?filter%5Bmetric_value%5D=all&filter%5Bproject%5D=UK+Modern+Slavery+Act+Research for more details. These statements vary in quality, with some companies including comprehensive information on their response to modern slavery in supply chains all the way through to statements that are not available on the home page or have not been signed by a CEO or Director. We also expanded this scope to our joint ventures (JVs), conducting human rights due diligence in China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India and Turkey. See www.wikirate.org. By establishing a common set of standards and requiring the vigilance report, France is taking responsibility for its slavery footprint and working with the business community to … Modern Slavery Act 2015 Country: United Kingdom. Available from: International Labour Organization 2016, ‘France joins the global movement against forced labour’. Please see: Business & Human Right’s Centre. In 2014, the EU Parliament passed Directive 2014/24/EU to encourage European countries to “buy social” by taking into account social considerations in their public procurement processes, albeit not particularly targeting supply chains.61 Article 57 of Directive 2014/24/EU requires that public authorities exclude a business from the procurement or award procedure if it has been convicted by final judgement for child labour or human trafficking. Some of the most notable ones include: Unlike other countries such as the UK or France, Spain has not implemented any specific piece of legislation aimed at fighting modern slavery. Now, however, Torres says she feels that things may be changing. 2016-360 of 25 March 2016. According to the International Labor Organization (ILO), more than 40 million people worldwide are victims of modern slavery. Commission Nationale Consultative des Droits d’Homme 2018, ‘La CNCDH alerte sur l’urgence qu’un nouveau plan national de lutte contre la traite des êtres humains soit adopté’. These are: 'slavery' is where ownership is exercised over a person ... and is to be linked with the concept of ‘slavery’ described above (Siladin v France, ECHR (2005). These victims largely came from Nigeria, Romania, and Morocco. 2010-769 of 9 July 2010 on violence against women introduced forced marriage as an aggravating offence.48, In 2016, the French Parliament passed law 2016-444 that makes it illegal to buy sexual services.49 Under the new law, anyone caught purchasing an act of sex from a sex worker will be fined and required to attend classes on the harms of prostitution. The new socialist regime in France ran on a promise to lower the country’s unemployment rate. He was only paid 150 Euros for six months of work and was forced to work every day, often up to 10 hours a day.23 Not only are mentally ill and disabled persons initially vulnerable to exploitation by human traffickers, but victims of modern slavery suffer from additional mental health illnesses as a result of their abuse. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries much of France's Atlantic and Indian Ocean trade was tied up with the expansion of slavery. Will the global business community be fooled? To date, over 400 statements have been assessed by university students at Columbia University, ESCP Europe Business School, Johns Hopkins University, University of Nottingham, and the University of Western Australia. A worldwide survey by KPMG in 2015 on CSR reporting found that France leads the world on third-party verified corporate responsibility reporting, with 96 percent of companies reporting annually.83, Photo credit: PIUS UTOMI EKPEI/AFP/Getty Images, Imports of products at risk of modern slavery to France. This report must be released within eight months of the end of the financial year and be made available on businesses’ websites for five years. So, will the world ever eliminate slavery for good? Slavery, servitude and forced or compulsory labour (2)The person is … For forced labour in 2016, Asia was the most prevalent, followed by Europe, Central Asia, Africa, the Arab States and the America . In 2013, for example, a mentally ill Cambodian refugee was exploited for labour on a farm. Chrisafis, A 2017, ‘Frances passes law making it illegal to pay for sex’. The Global Slavery Index estimates that there were 129,000 people living in modern slavery in France on any given day in 2016, reflecting a prevalence rate of 2.0 victims for every thousand people in the country. 51, where businesses with more than 500 employees, or a net turnover of over 40 million Euros, or a balance sheet totalling over 20 million Euros, must publish an annual report detailing non-financial and diversity information. Available from: International Labour Organization 2018, ‘Migrant domestic workers’. All statements analysed by the project can be found on the relevant business page at https://wikirate.org/UK_Modern_Slavery_Act_Research. For a detailed methodology of how these products were identified, please refer to Appendix 3 in the GSI 2018 report. Children are a particularly vulnerable group to modern slavery and have been identified in domestic servitude, begging, and forced crime in France.28 Romanian children from the Roma community have been exploited in forced criminality (such as forced pickpocketing)29 and there have also been NGO reports of Vietnamese children trafficked through France to be exploited in cannabis industries or nail salons in the UK. Some businesses have subsequently updated and improved their statements, and the updated statement will be included in the next iteration of the research. Slavery finally was abolished in Martinique, Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Réunion by the government that came to power after the 1848 revolution, spurred by slave uprisings in the colonies. In November 2017, according to UNICEF, there were an estimated 100 unaccompanied minors who may be at risk of exploitation in Calais.31 As of February 2018, there were an estimated 800-1000 refugees and migrants, including children, from Eritrea, Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria in cities along the northern French coastline.32. Establish a national referral mechanism so that all those who experience exploitation are able to access support. See https://wikirate.org/BNP_Paribas?filter%5Bmetric_value%5D=all&filter%5Bproject%5D=UK+Modern+Slavery+Act+Research for more details. The Global Slavery Index estimates that there were 129,000 people living in modern slavery in France on any given day in 2016, reflecting a prevalence rate of 2.0 victims for every thousand people in the country. Will they know it is not employment that is strong in France so much as slave labor? In Europe, the link between trafficking and mental health illnesses in Europe, such as depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), anxiety, suicidal thoughts, as well as some physical symptoms, is well established.24 More recently, King’s College London and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine found that 80 percent of women and 40 percent of men reported high levels of depression, anxiety, or PTSD in a 2016 study of identified victims in the UK.25. ‘France overhauls prostitution laws, make it illegal to pay for services’. There he was told that he had to work for 3 months for no wage. FRANCE 24 spoke with a young man living in one of the largest migrant worker camps in this region, which is in Rignano, located in the south, about 170 kilometres from Naples. Available from: European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights 2014. The Directive also recommends integrating social considerations as part of the contract performance conditions, including asking businesses to comply with the ILO core conventions, such as Convention 29 on forced labour and Convention 182 on worst forms of child labour.62 The requirement of a conviction under these new EU rules sets a high bar, given that human rights abuses in supply chains rarely lead to criminal prosecutions, or are often unreported in the first place.63 Although the requirements of the public procurement directive are not as far-reaching as legislation in the UK or the US, for instance, they nevertheless put pressure on European governments to move toward more ethical and sustainable public procurement practices. In 2014, the European Union introduced the EU Directive 2014/95/EU on disclosure of non-financial and diversity information, which requires large businesses to include in management reports a non-financial statement containing information relating to social, environmental, and human rights matters.76 Generally, all national laws require that company reports cover the following topics: environmental performance, social and employee matters, human rights, and corruption and anti-bribery. While the 31 year old was at Pole Emploi receiving his instructions he watched the man ahead of him closely. ), McPartland, B 2013, ‘French stud farm owner exploited refugee slave,’, ‘Modern slavery in France: The harsh reality that’s ignored,’, Dearden, L 2016, ‘Refugees being forced into ‘modern slavery’ by people traffickers before attempting deadly journey to Europe,’. 47 Forced marriage is criminalised under Article 222-14-4 (forcing a person to marry abroad) of the Criminal Code, which was introduced in 2013. Between January 2014 and May 2015, almost one hundred violations relating to the slave trafficking occurred in France and almost 600 for prostitution, according to data from the Interior Ministry. Modern slavery has a devastating effect on its victims, and we are committed to prosecuting these crimes. On the New French ‘Vigilance’ Law’. By making corporate responsibility data accessible, comparable and free for all, the organisation aims to provide society with the tools it needs to encourage companies to respond to social and environmental challenges. Commission Nationale Consultative Des Droits de L’Homme 2015. International Comparative Legal Guides n.d., ‘Public Procurement 2018 in France’. And, in France, businesses can now be fined up to €10m (£9m) if they fail to publish human rights reports. The statements analysed by the Modern Slavery Act Project were the most recently available statements at the time the research was conducted – in most cases, this would be the 2016 statement. Nationally, human trafficking is criminalised by Article 225-4-1 of the Penal code, which defines the crime as the act of recruiting, transporting, transferring, housing or receiving a person under certain circumstances for exploitation.37 French legislation on trafficking in human beings was amended by Law no. See https://wikirate.org/Groupe_EUROTUNNEL?filter%5Bmetric_value%5D=all&filter%5Bproject%5D=UK+Modern+Slavery+Act+Research for more details. He used his smartphone to document working and living conditions for the migrants there. Policy-makers, businesses, and consumers must become aware of this risk and take responsibility for it. As a member of the European Union, France is required to implement EU Directive 2011/36/EU on Preventing and Combatting Trafficking in Human Beings. The following definitions are encompassed within the term 'modern slavery' for the purposes of the Modern Slavery Act 2015. This approach may be the fastest way to reach some of the millions trapped in modern slavery. Millions of people around the world are trapped in modern slavery. Additionally, 50 percent of France’s overall imports of laptops, computers, and mobile phones are at risk of being produced under conditions of modern slavery, with the lion’s share of these electronic products originating from China (just over US$7.0 billion) and a smaller amount imported from Malaysia (US$36.8 million). These provisions even allow for situations where the local legislation does not criminalise such acts and without there being any need for victims to lodge a complaint or for the State where the acts were committed to report them.39, Article 225-14-1 of the Criminal Code defines forced labour as the act of forcing a person, through violence or threat, to carry out work without remuneration or for remuneration manifestly bearing no relation to the scale of the work carried out.40 In June 2016, France ratified the Protocol of 2014 to the 1930 Forced Labour Convention. Business and Human Rights Resource Centre 2018. Look what cheap labor did for China. Out of the 1,826 victims identified, the major industries of exploitation included the sex industry (1,476 out of the 1,826 victims), domestic work (185 victims), forced labour (80), forced criminality (66), and forced begging (13).3, The Central Office for Combating Illegal Labour (Office central de lutte contre le travail illégal – OCLTI) does not maintain available statistical data on labour trafficking or forced labour. Undocumented migrants are a particularly vulnerable group in the European Union and in France. Air France continues to pursue a vigilant approach aimed at fighting all forms of slavery and human trafficking. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Of those analysed by the Modern Slavery Act Research project on the Wikirate platform, statements by BNP Paribas,71 Kering,72 and Saint Gobain73 are among those that include details on policies and due diligence processes that apply to their own business; BNP Paribas also includes disclosure of its supply chains and identification of risks. In 2019 we continued our work on modern slavery risks in the UK, Canada, France, Ireland, Italy, Poland and Singapore. Law no. Establish regular coordination meetings with all national and local stakeholders, including civil society. Other statements are less detailed, as they provide information on relevant policies and limited additional information on actual steps taken to tackle modern slavery directly. Ministère des Affaires Étrangères (Ministry of Foreign Affairs) 2013, The top five imported products at risk of modern slavery were identified from an original list of 15 products considered at risk of modern slavery. In the late 1600s, Louis XIV chartered two slave-trading companies in West Africa. However, cases of forced labour have been identified among certain communities and diaspora in France, who are often exploited in textile workshops, construction and other industrial sectors, as well as in domestic servitude, often by members of their own community.4 This means that traffickers will exploit cultural and linguistic ties to coerce members of their own community into forced labour exploitation. Torres has been exposing the problem of modern slavery for more than 15 years and says it happens all over the industrialized world. Refugees and other migrants without documentation find it difficult to be identified as victims and remain unidentified by law enforcement.26 In 2016, the International Organization for Migration reported that approximately 75 percent of migrants attempting to cross the Mediterranean from Northern Africa had experienced modern slavery and exploitation.27 Increasingly restrictive immigration policies throughout Europe, and regional violent conflict, have forced migrants into dangerous situations in order to escape to France and other European countries. The report revealed that NGOs in France assisted 1,826 victims of human trafficking in 2015. Hollande’s promise mattered and Le President apparently will fulfill it by hook or by crook. After serious discussion, and in compliance with the provisions of Section 54 of the UK Modern Slavery Act, the Board of Directors has approved the present declaration. These include Groupe Eurotunnel74 and Bugatti Automobiles S.A.S,75 among others. March 21, 2013 March 25, 2013 / Cadot in America. A 31 year old man in Lyon, France who has not worked in two years due to a heart condition that nearly killed him in 2011 reported to the French unemployment office, Pole Emploi, on Wednesday as ordered. See https://wikirate.org/Saint_Gobain?filter%5Bmetric_value%5D=all&filter%5Bproject%5D=UK+Modern+Slavery+Act+Research for more details. Training about modern slavery made available to employees of the organisation. This year, we’ve focused on the top 12 global economies, providing information on the types of modern slavery and vulnerability factors affecting each of these countries, as well as the actions of the government. Gentleman, A 2018, ‘UK police arrest 21 in relation to suspected people- smuggling ring’. Develop the second national action plan based on the evaluation and findings of the CNCDH review. That’s $324.60. In September of 2012 the rate of 10.2 percent was the highest in 13 years. The UK reported 392 and the Netherlands reported 359 in the same time period. This statement is issued in response to the UK’s Modern Slavery Act (the “Act”) which came into force on 29 October 2015. Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (GRETA) 2017. Ramis, M 2017, ‘Fight Against Trafficking in Human Beings in Southeast Europe’. It’s enough to make me boycott croissants. And the companies in France will make out like bandits! This statement is made on behalf of Norton Rose Fulbright LLP and Norton Rose Fulbright Services (together, the Firm) pursuant to section 54 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 (the Act) and constitutes our slavery and human trafficking statement for the financial year ending 30 April 2019. Slavery is an umbrella term for activities involved when one person obtains or holds another person in compelled service. This industry is associated with traffickers characterised by diplomats, wealthy businessmen, and tourists from the Middle East and North Africa.33 However, CCEM highlights that it is not just the wealthy or diplomats that exploit their domestic workers, with cases of domestic exploitation found in the suburbs of cities and more disadvantaged neighbourhoods.34 The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimates that women and girls make up the large majority of domestic workers,35 possibly due to long-held cultural associations between females and domestic work. Modern Day Slavery in France. Exploitation being serious exploitation – that is at the end of the trafficking journey, the person finds themselves in a form of modern slavery (eg forced labour). Modern Slavery There are an estimated 40 million people trapped in Modern Slavery. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 forced companies to be more transparent about their actions. 1; Once a modern slavery statement is prepared, it will need to be made public in accordance with requirements to be set out in the Regulations. Chandran, R 2016, ‘French Law Bans Buying Prostitutes, Offering help instead of punishment’. There would be a 1,500 Euros fine for a first offence, rising to 3,750 Euros for a second offence.50 These classes may be ordered as an ancillary measure to help prevent reoffending (Article 131-16 9°bis of the Criminal Code).51 This move sees France join the group of European countries adopting the “Swedish model” to criminalise purchasers of sex without penalizing sex workers. Change ), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), #france #slavery #unemployment #poleemploi #cheaplabor. These people experience situations of exploitation they cannot refuse or leave due to of threats, violence, coercion, abuse of power or deception. A year later legislation passed granting the owners of France's 248,560 slaves compensation from a sum of $120 million francs. Code penal, ‘Article 225-4-1’. These individuals were reportedly housed in a disused coal mine southeast of Calais before being trafficked across the English Channel.30 The so-called “migrant crisis” has increased the vulnerability of children, with irregular migrant children and unaccompanied migrant children fleeing conflict being especially at risk of modern slavery. See Eurostat 2015. 53 The 2016 law also inserted a new provision (L316-1-1) to Article L316-1 in the Code of Entry and Residence of Foreigners and the Right of Asylum ((Code de l’entrée et du séjour des étrangers et du droit d’asile – CESEDA). Compare that with the U.S. unemployment rate of 7.9% in January of 2013. Anti-Slavery International finds that “domestic work is particularly vulnerable to exploitation and modern slavery because of the unique circumstances of working inside a private household combined with a lack of legal protection.”36 Domestic workers, often migrants, accept this work without realising the extent of physical and sexual abuse that they will encounter, and their limited movement beyond the home. Maybe Hollande is not so dumb. Twenty-three statements have been released by 22 French companies to date. France has made great improvements in its efforts to coordinate government services through the creation of an inter-ministerial mission for the protection of women against violence and the fight against human trafficking (MIPROF) in January 2013 to coordinate counter trafficking strategy at the national level. One in four victims of modern slavery are children, or about 10 million children. It is a crime happening in our communities, takeaways, … Modern slavery is most prevalent in Africa, follow by Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia. Law No. Translate the additional resources provided under Law no. This includes EU listed companies and unlisted companies such as banks, insurance companies, or other “public-interest entities” as nominated by member countries. After the closure of an informal migrant camp in Calais, nicknamed ‘the jungle’, in October 2016, migrants dispersed across France, but many have since returned. 2013-711 that further aligned modern slavery legislation in France with EU standards, introduced a new Article 225-4-8 into the Criminal Code that made it possible to prosecute French nationals who have committed acts of trafficking in human beings abroad. The UK Modern Slavery Act Research project employs a crowdsourcing approach to reviewing and assessing the statements housed on the BHRRC platform, recognising the value of having a fully transparent platform, but also the enormous amount of time and resources it would take to conduct this analysis. While modern slavery is not expressly mentioned, it is effectively captured under the category of human rights. If he does not take the full 225 hours to find a job, he will work the balance of the time. This slavery and human trafficking statement is made on behalf of Clyde & Co LLP, ("Clyde & Co"), pursuant to section 54 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015 (the "Act") for the financial year ending on 30 April 2019. Available from: WikiRate has developed an open access research platform that allows anyone to systematically gather and report publicly available information on corporate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices. 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